4 December 25, 2021
Articles
1. Imen Ktari, Filiz Katman
Geopolitical Shift in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Theoretical Analysis of the Factors to Turkey’s Isolation in the Region 2002−2021
European Researcher. Series A. 2021. 12(4): 133-146.
Number of views: 224 Download in PDF
2. Ol'ga Yu. LarionovaEuropean Researcher. Series A. 2021. 12(4): 133-146.
Abstract:
This paper investigates the motives behind the geopolitical shift explained by the outcome of Turkey’s exclusion from the emerging institutionalization operations by littoral sates in the Eastern Mediterranean. Studies have stressed on the tremendous profits cooperative institutions would have engendered in the region, consequently the foundation of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum (EMGF), which includes major concerned littoral states in the region (Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, France, Italy, Palestine and Jordan) is one of the prominent steps toward a constitutionalized cooperation based on the motive of gas exploration and extraction in the region through multiple agreements and demarcation of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZs) between the concerned actors, which stimulated a geopolitical shift against Turkey. The study aims at demystifying the nature of the geopolitical shift through the use of the balance of threat theory derived from Stephen Walt’s book of “The Origins of Alliances” and the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSC) developed by Burry Buzan, Jaap de Wilde and Ole Wæver. The present volume defends the idea that Turkey projects a permanent threat to the above-mentioned states starting from 2002, as subsequent developments in its foreign policy compiled with its rising economic and military power, has in turn a tremendous impact on its encirclement and exemption by its neighbors. Case study aims to testify the applicability of the Balance of Threat Theory and Regional Security Complex Theory on the exemption outcome using specifically the embedded case study to include various analysis of foreign policy relations with Turkey, data is collected from both the primary and secondary sources.
This paper investigates the motives behind the geopolitical shift explained by the outcome of Turkey’s exclusion from the emerging institutionalization operations by littoral sates in the Eastern Mediterranean. Studies have stressed on the tremendous profits cooperative institutions would have engendered in the region, consequently the foundation of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum (EMGF), which includes major concerned littoral states in the region (Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, France, Italy, Palestine and Jordan) is one of the prominent steps toward a constitutionalized cooperation based on the motive of gas exploration and extraction in the region through multiple agreements and demarcation of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZs) between the concerned actors, which stimulated a geopolitical shift against Turkey. The study aims at demystifying the nature of the geopolitical shift through the use of the balance of threat theory derived from Stephen Walt’s book of “The Origins of Alliances” and the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSC) developed by Burry Buzan, Jaap de Wilde and Ole Wæver. The present volume defends the idea that Turkey projects a permanent threat to the above-mentioned states starting from 2002, as subsequent developments in its foreign policy compiled with its rising economic and military power, has in turn a tremendous impact on its encirclement and exemption by its neighbors. Case study aims to testify the applicability of the Balance of Threat Theory and Regional Security Complex Theory on the exemption outcome using specifically the embedded case study to include various analysis of foreign policy relations with Turkey, data is collected from both the primary and secondary sources.
Number of views: 224 Download in PDF
The Blagoveschensky Sobor of the Votkinsk Plant of the Sarapulsky District of the Vyatka Province and Its Abbots
European Researcher. Series A. 2021. 12(4): 147-166.
Number of views: 197 Download in PDF
3. Mikhail B. Loshchinin, Michael I. OjovanEuropean Researcher. Series A. 2021. 12(4): 147-166.
Abstract:
The history of the Blagoveschensky sobor and its abbots before 1919 is still full of white spots and inaccuracies. On the basis of archival documents introduced into circulation for the first time, some of the facts of the history of the cathedral are revealed and for the first time in Votkinsk historiography a complete list of its main spiritual ministers is given, as well as their biography is revealed, their places of residence and burial are specified. The personalized approach to the study of the history of the Blagoveschensky sobor of the Kamsko-Votkinsky plant has not been the subject of special scientific research until now, therefore it is very relevant. The study revealed that the following archpriests of the Blagoveschensky sobor performed priestly duties in the village of Votkinsky Plant: Vasily Georgievich Blinov (from 1811 to 1846), Mikhail Timofeevich Preobrazhensky (from 1846 to 1888), Andrey Ivanovich Chernyshev (from 1888 to 1901), Mikhail Grigorievich Utrobin (from 1894 to 1899), Nikolai Ivanovich Koshurnikov (from 1899 to August 1918) and Alexander Petrovich Vinogradov (from the beginning to the end of 1918 year). They were also the rectors of the cathedral and the Deans of the district, except for the period from October 15, 1914 to the end of 1916, when the Dean of the V district of the Sarapulsky district of the Vyatka province was Priest Nikolai Andreevich Chernyshev, who on January 2, 1919 was shot by the Bolsheviks “for participating in the gathering for the needs of the People's Army and for acquaintance” with the leader of the Votkinsk uprising, which took place in August-November 1918, and on March 7, 2018 was canonized as a Saint of the Russian Land and Udmurt.
The history of the Blagoveschensky sobor and its abbots before 1919 is still full of white spots and inaccuracies. On the basis of archival documents introduced into circulation for the first time, some of the facts of the history of the cathedral are revealed and for the first time in Votkinsk historiography a complete list of its main spiritual ministers is given, as well as their biography is revealed, their places of residence and burial are specified. The personalized approach to the study of the history of the Blagoveschensky sobor of the Kamsko-Votkinsky plant has not been the subject of special scientific research until now, therefore it is very relevant. The study revealed that the following archpriests of the Blagoveschensky sobor performed priestly duties in the village of Votkinsky Plant: Vasily Georgievich Blinov (from 1811 to 1846), Mikhail Timofeevich Preobrazhensky (from 1846 to 1888), Andrey Ivanovich Chernyshev (from 1888 to 1901), Mikhail Grigorievich Utrobin (from 1894 to 1899), Nikolai Ivanovich Koshurnikov (from 1899 to August 1918) and Alexander Petrovich Vinogradov (from the beginning to the end of 1918 year). They were also the rectors of the cathedral and the Deans of the district, except for the period from October 15, 1914 to the end of 1916, when the Dean of the V district of the Sarapulsky district of the Vyatka province was Priest Nikolai Andreevich Chernyshev, who on January 2, 1919 was shot by the Bolsheviks “for participating in the gathering for the needs of the People's Army and for acquaintance” with the leader of the Votkinsk uprising, which took place in August-November 1918, and on March 7, 2018 was canonized as a Saint of the Russian Land and Udmurt.
Number of views: 197 Download in PDF
Revealing the Historical Trend of Households’ Decay
European Researcher. Series A. 2021. 12(4): 167-195.
Number of views: 218 Download in PDF
4. European Researcher. Series A. 2021. 12(4): 167-195.
Abstract:
Based on empirical facts and general context, a historical decrease of the average households’ size is revealed which follows an almost linear law with a rate of approximately minus 0.02 persons per year. An attempt is made to theoretically substantiate the linear law of households’ decay on the basis of the model of hyperbolic mankind growth formulated by S. Kapitza in terms of a specific unit of time and evolution of the regional populations. A hypothesis is proposed and justified that the linear households’ decay forms a mankind historical time arrow similar to the arrow of world population growth. The hypothesis of two social evolution eras is proposed and justified. Within the genus-tribal era, households have almost constant sizes and are the subjects of hyperbolic growth. In the modern era, Kapitza’s regional populations have almost constant sizes and are the subjects of hyperbolic growth, while the households begin their historical decay up to the size equal to 1. The total time required for the implementation of both eras is significantly less than previous estimates and is about 20,000 years. In the modern era, informational exchange stimulates the growth of human capital and consistently frees people from the need for collective labor for survival, and for this reason it is identified as a possible cause of the households’ decay.
Based on empirical facts and general context, a historical decrease of the average households’ size is revealed which follows an almost linear law with a rate of approximately minus 0.02 persons per year. An attempt is made to theoretically substantiate the linear law of households’ decay on the basis of the model of hyperbolic mankind growth formulated by S. Kapitza in terms of a specific unit of time and evolution of the regional populations. A hypothesis is proposed and justified that the linear households’ decay forms a mankind historical time arrow similar to the arrow of world population growth. The hypothesis of two social evolution eras is proposed and justified. Within the genus-tribal era, households have almost constant sizes and are the subjects of hyperbolic growth. In the modern era, Kapitza’s regional populations have almost constant sizes and are the subjects of hyperbolic growth, while the households begin their historical decay up to the size equal to 1. The total time required for the implementation of both eras is significantly less than previous estimates and is about 20,000 years. In the modern era, informational exchange stimulates the growth of human capital and consistently frees people from the need for collective labor for survival, and for this reason it is identified as a possible cause of the households’ decay.
Number of views: 218 Download in PDF